{"id":1075,"date":"2012-03-06T08:16:29","date_gmt":"2012-03-06T15:16:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.interculturalurbanism.com\/?p=1075"},"modified":"2012-04-19T07:29:08","modified_gmt":"2012-04-19T13:29:08","slug":"water-and-the-wilderness-city","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.interculturalurbanism.com\/?p=1075","title":{"rendered":"Water and The Wilderness City"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>My title comes from that of the <a href=\"http:\/\/law.du.edu\/index.php\/rmlui\">Rocky Mountain Land Use Institute\u2019s<\/a> 21<sup>st<\/sup> annual conference held last week at The University of Denver\u2019s Sturm College of Law.\u00a0 \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/law.du.edu\/index.php\/rmlui\/rmlui-practice\/rmlui-annual-conference\">The Wilderness City: Nature, Culture, and Economy in the Next West<\/a>\u201d was framed in terms of the \u00a0following theme:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.law.du.edu\/documents\/rmlui\/conference\/2012-Agenda.pdf\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-1082\" title=\"RMLUIAgenda\" src=\"http:\/\/www.interculturalurbanism.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/03\/RMLUIAgenda1-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" \/><\/a>The Rocky Mountain West is characterized by majestic peaks, rolling prairies, rugged plains and vast open spaces. At the same time, the West is home to rapidly growing cities like Denver, Las Vegas, Albuquerque, Salt Lake City, Phoenix and Boise, as well as countless small towns trying to remain viable in an increasingly urbanizing region. Interestingly, as urban centers continue to grow, they are seeking to reconnect their local cultures and economies to what remains of their native ecology\u2026\u201cWilderness Cities\u201d like Vancouver, Canada blend the wild and the urban seamlessly, with skyscrapers and industry nestled up against rain forests, killer whales and coastal mountains. How can a Wilderness City model and other \u201cgreen\u201d development approaches not only make Western communities vibrant economic centers but also strengthen our connection with the land?<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>My schedule permitted attending the conference for just one day. I went to two sessions on water that were relevant to an\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.interculturalurbanism.com\/?p=824\">Institute for Enterprise Ethics research grant<\/a>\u00a0that I have with colleagues in DU&#8217;s Daniels College of Business.\u00a0 The theme for the water sessions was pitched pretty simply:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>The Rocky Mountain West is one of the fastest growing areas of the country and one of the driest. These sessions address the challenges municipalities and regions will face in meeting the challenges of water supply and demand.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>The first session was called \u201cWater and Growth: Can We Wrestle With the Paradox?\u201d The paradox in question derives from the fact that growth is necessary to ensure the economic viability of western cities, but this inevitably raises the specter of water shortages.\u00a0\u00a0 The panel brought together water supply and built environment planners in a dialogue about whether the \u00a0paradox can be solved.\u00a0 \u00a0The second session was called \u201cWater Conservation in West: The New Normal.\u201d\u00a0 Speakers addressed the institutional and practical needs for water conservation in the Western United States. \u00a0They identified various techniques being implemented to conserve and reuse water resources, and considered the evolving regulations for water conservation from both land use and water rights perspectives.<\/p>\n<p>Some of the key takeaway messages of the sessions, considered together:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Western growth is inevitable, but water is finite.\u00a0 There are no sources of new supply. This means that water must be diverted and re-allocated intelligently (e.g., from irrigation to other uses), and formerly irrigated land must be managed sensitively (i.e., it won\u2019t return to prairie \u201con its own\u201d).<\/li>\n<li>Creating efficiencies in water conservation is important (e.g., by educating the consuming public and offering incentives to consumers to change their behavior, especially where outdoor water use is concerned), but there are limits to how far conservation can take you.\u00a0\u00a0 Panelists and audience members discussed the use of various other \u201cdemand management tools\u201d including water pricing measures and stronger water use regulation.\u00a0 Regarding the latter, there was a powerful sense that water providers needed to\u00a0 strengthen their authority to regulate water use. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.statebillinfo.com\/bills\/bills\/08\/1141_enr.pdf\">Colorado House Bill 08-1141<\/a> requiring that developers show that adequate water for their project is in hand before they proceed was cited as an exemplary form of regulation\u2026at least in principle.\u00a0 Apparently the bill was \u201cwatered down\u201d (no pun intended) before it was enacted and thus carries little real clout as regards <em>verification<\/em> of water supply.\u00a0 \u00a0Political term limits for legislators interested in water regulation was cited as another problem. Such limits can derail efforts to enact legislation for more enlightened water use planning.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/cnrep.org\/documents\/collaborative_governance_reports\/bridging_the_gap.pdf\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-thumbnail wp-image-1077\" title=\"BatesRpt\" src=\"http:\/\/www.interculturalurbanism.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/03\/BatesRpt-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" \/><\/a>It is imperative to better integrate water planning and land use planning.\u00a0 These can\u2019t continue to be separate discourses. What\u2019s needed is a more holistic approach that balances multiple interests. \u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/cnrep.org\/documents\/collaborative_governance_reports\/bridging_the_gap.pdf\">Sarah Bates\u2019s University of Montana\/Center for Natural Resources and Environmental Policy Report<\/a> on strategies for integrating water and land use planning was mentioned by a number of speakers as a\u00a0 blueprint for strategizing in this area.<\/li>\n<li>Cultivating extensive partnerships among private developers, water providers, state government, city councils, planning commissions, and other agents (described as \u201csilos\u201d by one panelist) was deemed key to strategizing.\u00a0 In particular, these entities need to synchronize their planning cycles and cultivate some shared understandings of terms that are commonplace in the water discourse; e.g., \u201cland use\u201d, \u201cwater supply\u201d, \u201creuse\u201d, and \u201cwater conservation\u201d.\u00a0 Right now there is no predictability from one jurisdiction to the next.\u00a0 One speaker noted that the touchstone for conversations across the silos should be three things that all participants can agree upon: the health, safety, and welfare of citizens.<\/li>\n<li>Finally, a view was expressed by some panelists in both sessions that only a serious water <em>crisis<\/em> will change things here in the West.\u00a0 The \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/www.legendsofamerica.com\/we-codewest.html\">Code of the West<\/a>\u201d\u00a0 emphasizing local control and the sanctity of private property is just too strong and pervasive.\u00a0 This ethos encourages go-it-alone behavior and works against consensus building.\u00a0 Unless cities and counties can reach agreement on some common standards for water efficiency (e.g., around the size of front yards and quality of landscaping\u2014the biggest water hogs), and for verifying conservation practices across metropolitan areas the water problem will only perpetuate itself.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"attachment_1079\" style=\"width: 525px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.denverpost.com\/breakingnews\/ci_18229811\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1079\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1079\" title=\"WildCity\" src=\"http:\/\/www.interculturalurbanism.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/03\/WildCity1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"515\" height=\"375\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.interculturalurbanism.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/03\/WildCity1.jpg 515w, http:\/\/www.interculturalurbanism.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/03\/WildCity1-300x218.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 515px) 100vw, 515px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-1079\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wilderness City (Karlin Real Estate)<\/p><\/div>\n<p>The conference speakers were informed and provocative.\u00a0 I learned a lot that was new and that also reinforced much of what our research team has already discovered about Western water through interviews with various local subject matter experts. \u00a0But while plenty of ideas were suggested about what can be done on the water use side of the \u201cparadox\u201d, significantly less was offered on the land use\/built environment side. \u00a0Specifically how\u2014in the language of the Bates Report\u2014our water footprint can be reduced \u201cthrough development design and building choices.\u201d\u00a0 One audience member living in Denver&#8217;s\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.stapletondenver.com\/\">Stapleton<\/a>\u00a0community broached the issue by noting that development\u2019s use of small lots and xeriscaping.\u00a0 A panelist in the second session\u2014Harold \u00a0Smethills, the developer of <a href=\"http:\/\/sterlingranchcolorado.com\/\">Sterling Ranch<\/a>\u2014gave a comprehensive summary of design and building choices at that most water-conscious of Front Range exurban infill projects. These include high density residential clustering into \u201curban villages\u201d, exclusive use of grass as an \u201caccent strip\u201d (i.e., as a \u201cthrow rug rather than a carpet\u201c), <a href=\"http:\/\/tigerturfworld.com\/\">TigerTurf<\/a> for pets, infrastructural provisions for rainwater harvesting, 37% dedicated open space, gardens instead of golf courses, and 30 miles of hiking, biking, and horseback riding trails.<\/p>\n<p>Certainly, land use and water planning at Sterling Ranch is consistent with the aims of the \u201cWilderness City.\u201d\u00a0 The development is tailor-made for a particular demographic: active-lifestyle young professionals on tight budgets looking for an affordable first home, as well as the older \u201clast home\u201d market.\u00a0 But there are, of course, lots of other urban demographics to be served including those who occupy&#8211;either by desire or necessity&#8211;the urban core and who have no budgets to speak of.\u00a0 Addressing the water and design needs of these demographics requires, I think, problematizing <em>other<\/em> terms that came up in the day\u2019s discussions but whose meaning seemed to be taken-for-granted by conference participants\u2014perhaps because the panels and audiences were ethnically, culturally, and economically homogenous.\u00a0 These include terms like \u201cpublic\u201d, \u201cvalues\u201d, \u201chousing\u201d and, especially, \u201cculture.\u201d\u00a0 I\u2019ll take up this topic in a separate, soon-to-follow post.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>My title comes from that of the Rocky Mountain Land Use Institute\u2019s 21st annual conference held last week at The University of Denver\u2019s Sturm College of Law.\u00a0 \u201cThe Wilderness City: Nature, Culture, and Economy in the Next West\u201d was framed [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"spay_email":"","footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_is_tweetstorm":false,"jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true},"categories":[10,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1075","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-sustainability","category-water-and-the-city"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p1H2bI-hl","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.interculturalurbanism.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1075","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.interculturalurbanism.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.interculturalurbanism.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.interculturalurbanism.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.interculturalurbanism.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1075"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"http:\/\/www.interculturalurbanism.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1075\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1081,"href":"http:\/\/www.interculturalurbanism.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1075\/revisions\/1081"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.interculturalurbanism.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1075"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.interculturalurbanism.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1075"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.interculturalurbanism.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1075"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}